Grade 8 Social Studies Louisiana standards Standards

Grade 8: The United States and Louisiana: Industrial Age Through Modern Era

Skills and Practices

Examine sources in order to

distinguish between primary, secondary, and tertiary sources

determine the origin, author's point of view, intended audience, and reliability

explain the meaning of words, phrases, and content-specific vocabulary

Use a variety of primary and secondary sources to

analyze social studies content

evaluate claims, counterclaims, and evidence

compare and contrast multiple sources and accounts

distinguish between historical facts and historical interpretations

Construct and express claims that are supported with relevant evidence from primary and/or secondary sources, social studies content knowledge, and clear reasoning and explanations to

demonstrate an understanding of social studies content

compare and contrast content and viewpoints

analyze causes and effects

explain counterclaims

Explain ideas, events, and developments in the history of the United States of America from 1877 to 2008 and how they progressed, changed, or remained the same over time.

Analyze ideas and events related to the expansion of the United States during the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century.

Explain the motivations for migration to and settlement of the West by various groups, including Exodusters, and how their motivations relate to the American Dream.

Analyze Frederick Turner's "The Significance of the Frontier in American History."

Analyze how lives of Native Americans changed as a result of westward expansion and U.S. policies, including extermination of the buffalo, reservation system, Dawes Act, and assimilation.

Analyze the causes and effects of conflict between Native Americans and the U.S. government and settlers during the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century, including the Battle of Little Bighorn and Wounded Knee and subsequent treaties.

Analyze the events leading to and effects of the U.S. acquisition of Hawaii.

Analyze the ideas and events leading to the Spanish-American War and the short- and long-term outcomes, including the terms of the Treaty of Paris (1898), U.S. acquisition of Spanish territories, and emergence of the United States as a world power.

Analyze foreign policy achievements of Theodore Roosevelt, including the construction of the Panama Canal and use of the Great White Fleet.

Analyze the causes, course and consequences of World War I.

Describe the causes of World War I, including militarism, alliances, imperialism, nationalism, and the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

Explain the reasons for the initial U.S. policy of neutrality and isolationism.

Analyze the events leading to U.S. involvement in World War I, including German submarine warfare, the sinking of the Lusitania, and the Zimmerman Telegram.

Analyze how the United States mobilized for war and ways the American people contributed to the war effort on the home front and abroad, with an emphasis on military service, role of women and minority groups, liberty bonds, and victory gardens.

Explain how the U.S. government directed public support and responded to dissent during World War I, including through the use of wartime propaganda, Committee on Public Information, Espionage Act, Sedition Act, and Schenck v. United States (1919).

Explain how military strategies and advances in technology affected warfare and the course of World War I, including trench warfare, airplanes, machine guns, poison gas, submarines, and tanks.

Describe the goals of leaders at the Paris Peace Conference, comparing Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points, and the Treaty of Versailles.

Explain the reaction of the U.S. Senate to the Treaty of Versailles and League of Nations, and describe the return to isolationism after the war.

Analyze the political, social, cultural and economic effects of events and developments during the early twentieth century.

Differentiate between the benefits and detriments of capitalism and communism, and explain how the concepts affected society during the early 1900s, including the Bolshevik Revolution and the first Red Scare.

Describe the causes and consequences of Prohibition and the Eighteenth Amendment, including bootlegging and organized crime, and the repeal with the Twenty-First Amendment.

Explain how advances in transportation, technology, and media during the early twentieth century changed society and culture in the United States, including the automobile, radio, and household appliances.

Explain the importance of the woman's suffrage movement and events leading to the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment, including the role of key figures such as Susan B. Anthony, Lucy Burns, Carrie Chapman Catt, Alice Paul, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucy Stone, and Ida B. Wells.

Explain the causes and effects of social and cultural changes of the 1920s and 1930s on the United States, and describe the influence of notable figures of the Harlem Renaissance (Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, Ella Fitzgerald, Langston Hughes, Zora Neale Hurston, Sargent Claude Johnson, Augusta Savage) and cultural figures (Amelia Earhart, Ernest Hemingway, Jacob Lawrence, Jesse Owens, and Babe Ruth).

Explain how various factors affected Louisiana's economy during the early twentieth century, including booms in the timber, oil, and gas industries.

Describe the causes of the Great Mississippi River Flood of 1927, and explain how the disaster and government response affected Louisianans.

Analyze Louisiana politics in the early twentieth century, including the role of Huey Long's career in both Louisiana and national politics.

Analyze causes and effects of changes to the Louisiana Constitution over time, with emphasis on revisions from 1879 to 1974.

Explain the causes and effects of migration and population shifts in the United States during the early twentieth century, including the Great Migration.

Analyze factors leading to and consequences of social and economic tensions in the early twentieth century, including the 1918 influenza outbreak, recession and inflation, labor strikes, resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan, Chicago riot of 1919, and the Tulsa Massacre.

Analyze the causes and effects of the Great Depression.

Explain the causes of the Great Depression, with an emphasis on how bank failures, buying stock on margin, overextension of credit, overproduction, high tariffs and protectionism, and the 1929 stock market crash contributed to the economic crisis.

Explain the effects of the Great Depression on people, including rising unemployment, foreclosures, growth of "Hoovervilles," and soup kitchens.

Describe the causes and effects of the Dust Bowl, including agricultural practices, drought, and migration.

Describe the government response to the Great Depression, comparing the reaction of the Hoover and Roosevelt administrations.

Analyze the purpose and effectiveness of the New Deal, including the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), Agricultural Adjustment Act, National Recovery Administration, Public Works Administration, Glass-Steagall Act, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), Securities Exchange Act (SEC), National Housing Act, Works Progress Administration (WPA), and the Social Security Act (SSA).

Describe the causes, course, and consequences of World War II.

Explain the rise and spread of militarism and totalitarianism internationally, examining the similarities and differences between the ideologies of Imperial Japan, fascist Italy and Nazi Germany, and the communist Soviet Union, as well as the origins and effects of violence and mass murder in the 1930s and 1940s as demonstrated by the Nanjing Massacre, the Holodomor, the Holocaust, and treatment of political opponents and prisoners of war during World War II.

Describe the acts of aggression leading to World War II in both Europe and Asia, and explain the effectiveness of policies and reactions, including the policy of appeasement towards Nazi Germany.

Describe the causes of World War II, and analyze events that led to U.S. involvement in World War II, with emphasis on the attack on Pearl Harbor.

Describe the role of alliances during World War II, including the Allies and Axis Powers.

Explain the significance of major military actions and turning points during World War II in the Atlantic Theater (Battle of The Atlantic, Operation Torch, Battle of Normandy/Operation Overlord, Battle of The Bulge, Battle of Berlin) and the Pacific Theater (Battle of Bataan and Bataan Death March, Doolittle Raid, Battle of the Coral Sea, Battle of Midway, Battle of Leyte Gulf, Battle of Iwo Jima, Battle of Okinawa).

Describe the roles and importance of key figures of World War II, including leaders from the United States (Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harry S. Truman, Dwight D. Eisenhower, George Patton, Douglas MacArthur), Great Britain (Sir Winston Churchill), France (Charles de Gaulle), the Soviet Union (Joseph Stalin), Germany (Adolf Hitler), Italy (Benito Mussolini), and Japan (Michinomiya Hirohito, Hideki Tojo).

Explain the causes and consequences of the Holocaust, including antisemitism, Nuremberg Laws restricting civil rights, resistance efforts, experiences of people including Anne Frank, concentration camp system, liberation of camps by the Allies, and Nuremberg trials.

Describe the Tuskegee Study conducted on Black Americans from the 1930s to 1972.

Explain the causes and effects of Japanese internment in the United States during World War II.

Explain the sacrifices and contributions of U.S. soldiers during World War II such as the Tuskegee Airmen, the 442nd Regimental Combat team, the 101st Airborne, Cajun "Frenchies", the Women's Army Corps (WAC), and the Navajo Code Talkers.

Analyze how Louisiana contributed to the war effort during World War II and the effects of the war on Louisiana, including the role of the Louisiana Maneuvers, Higgins Boats in the success of the Allies, and prisoner of war (POW) camps in Louisiana.

Explain how life in the United States changed during and immediately after World War II, with an emphasis on wartime production and the workforce, rationing, conservation, victory gardens, financing through war bonds, propaganda campaigns, and the Servicemen's Readjustment Act (GI Bill).

Explain the events that led to, and the conditions of the surrender of the Axis Powers in Europe and Asia, and describe the United States' critical role in the Allied victory.

Describe the importance of the Manhattan Project and development of atomic bombs, and analyze the decision to use them.

Explain how key decisions from Allied conferences during World War II, including the Atlantic Charter, Tehran, Yalta, and Potsdam, affected the course of the war and postwar world.

Analyze causes, major events, and key leaders of the Civil Rights Movement from 1954 to 1968.

Analyze events during and immediately after World War II leading to the civil rights movement, including Executive Order 8022 and Executive Order 9981.

Explain the origins and goals of the civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s, and how segregation (de jure and de facto) affected African Americans and influenced the movement.

Analyze how the murder of Emmett Till affected support for the civil rights movement.

Analyze the importance of the Brown v. Board of Education (1954) decision and subsequent efforts to desegregate schools, including those of the Little Rock Nine at Central High School in Arkansas, Ruby Bridges at William Frantz Elementary in Louisiana, and James Meredith at the University of Mississippi.

Analyze the cause, course, and outcome of efforts to desegregate transportation, including the Baton Rouge Bus Boycott, Montgomery Bus Boycott, and Freedom Rides.

Evaluate the effectiveness of methods (civil disobedience, boycotts, sit-ins, marches, drives) during the civil rights movement, including during the 1960 Greensboro sit-ins, 1963 demonstrations in Birmingham, 1963 March on Washington, 1964 Freedom Summer, and 1965 Selma Marches.

Analyze works of civil rights leaders, including Dr. King's "Letter from Birmingham Jail" and his "I Have a Dream" speech, and explain how the ideas expressed in the works influenced the course of the civil rights movement.

Explain the role and importance of key individuals and groups of the civil rights movement, including the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., Rosa Parks, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), Medgar Evers, Shirley Chisholm, Fannie Lou Hamer, and Malcolm X.

Explain reactions to the civil rights movement by opposing individuals and groups, including George Wallace and Leander Perez.

Analyze the role of the Supreme Court in advancing civil rights and freedoms during the 1950s and 1960s, including the court cases of Brown v. Board of Education (1954), Boynton v. Virginia (1960), and Bailey v. Patterson (1962).

Evaluate legislation and amendments passed in response to the civil rights movement, including the Twenty-Fourth Amendment, Civil Rights Act of 1964, Voting Rights Act of 1965, and Civil Rights Act of 1968.

Explain the causes, course, and consequences of the Cold War.

Explain how the ideologies of communism in the Soviet Union and capitalism in the United States influenced the Cold War and global tensions from 1945–1989.

Evaluate the effectiveness of U.S. policies, programs, and negotiation efforts in accomplishing their intended goals, including the Marshall Plan, containment and related doctrines, mutual assured destruction, détente, Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT I and II), and Strategic Defense Initiative (Star Wars program).

Analyze Cold War crises and conflicts and how they contributed escalating tensions, including the Berlin Blockade and Airlift, Korean War, Suez Crisis, U-2 Incident, Cuban Missile Crisis, Bay of Pigs Invasion, Berlin Crisis of 1961, and Vietnam War, Soviet-Afghan War.

Describe the role of organizations and alliances during the Cold War, including the United Nations, NATO, and the Warsaw Pact.

Explain how events during the Cold War affected American society, including the Second Red Scare and McCarthyism.

Explain how advances in technology and media during the mid- to late twentieth century changed society and public perception, including newspapers and television, the space race, and the nuclear arms race.

Explain events and policies leading to the end of the Cold War and collapse of the Soviet Union under the leadership of President Reagan, including political and economic pressures, policies of glasnost and perestroika, and the fall of the Berlin Wall.

Describe the importance of key ideas, events, and developments of the modern era.

Explain how events and developments of the modern era have affected American society.

Explain how relationships between the United States and Middle East affected events and developments during the modern era, including Persian Gulf Wars, 1993 World Trade Center bombing, terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, the War on Terrorism, and the establishment of the Department of Homeland Security.

Describe the effects of natural disasters on Louisiana and the United States, including hurricanes Katrina and Rita.

Describe important issues of the 2008 presidential election and the significance of the election of Barack Obama.

Analyze connections between events and developments in U.S. history within their global context from 1877 to 2008.

Compare and contrast events and developments in U.S. history from 1877 to 2008.

Use geographic representations and historical data to analyze events and developments in U.S. history from 1877 to 2008, including environmental, cultural, economic, and political characteristics and changes.

Use maps to identify absolute location (latitude, and longitude) and describe geographic characteristics of places in Louisiana, North America, and the world.

Use a variety of primary and secondary sources to:

Analyze social studies content.

Evaluate claims, counterclaims, and evidence.

Compare and contrast multiple sources and accounts.

Explain how the availability of sources affects historical interpretations.

Construct and express claims that are supported with relevant evidence from primary and/or secondary sources, social studies content knowledge, and clear reasoning and explanations to:

Demonstrate an understanding of social studies content.

Compare and contrast content and viewpoints.

Analyze causes and effects.

Evaluate counterclaims.

Analyze the causes and effects of technological and industrial advances during the late nineteenth century and the early twentieth century.

Analyze factors that contributed to and effects of the growth of the industrial economy, including capitalism and the growth of free markets, mass production, agricultural advancements, the government's laissez-faire economic policy, and the rise of corporations.

Explain the social and economic effects of innovations in technology, transportation, and communication during the late 1800s and early 1900s, including the expansion of railroads, electricity, and telephone.

Explain how industrialists and corporations revolutionized business and influenced the U.S. economy and society, with an emphasis on business practices (vertical and horizontal integration, formation of monopolies/trusts), development of major industries (oil, steel, railroad, banking), and the role of entrepreneurs, including Andrew Carnegie, J.P. Morgan, John D. Rockefeller, Cornelius Vanderbilt, and Madam C.J. Walker.

Analyze the social, political, and economic changes that developed in the United States during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century.

Explain how industrialization influenced the movement of people from rural to urban areas and the effects of urbanization.

Explain the causes and effects of immigration to the United States during the late 1800s and early 1900s, and compare and contrast experiences of immigrants.

Describe the working conditions and struggles experienced by the labor force that led to the labor movement (child labor, hours, safety, wages, standard of living), and evaluate the effectiveness of efforts to improve conditions.

Describe the reasons for and effects of the rise of Populism in the United States and Louisiana during the late 1800s, including the role of the Grange, Farmers' Alliance, and People's Party.

Analyze the causes and outcomes of the Progressive movement and the role of muckrakers, including the Meat Inspection Act, Pure Food and Drug Act, Seventeenth Amendment, Thomas Nast, Ida Tarbell, Upton Sinclair, and Jacob Riis.

Analyze the government's response to the rise of trusts and monopolies, including the passage of the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887, the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, and the Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914.

Describe important ideas and events of presidential administrations during the late 1800s and early 1900s, with emphasis on Theodore Roosevelt's administration and his support for trust busting, regulation, consumer protection laws, and conservation.

Explain the origins and development of Louisiana public colleges and universities, including land grant institutions, Historically Black Colleges and Universities, and regional universities.

Analyze the events leading to Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) and the consequences of the decision, including changes to the Louisiana Constitution.

Explain the emergence of the Jim Crow system and how it affected Black Americans.

Explain the goals and strategies used by civil rights leaders of the late 1800s and early 1900s, and analyze differing viewpoints of key figures and groups, including W.E.B. DuBois and the Niagara Movement, Booker T. Washington, NAACP, Mary Church Terrell, and Ida B. Wells.