English II
Capitalization & Mechanics: Apply standard conventions of capitalization, formatting, and spelling.
Generate resourceSentence Structure & Clarity: Reorganize sentence structures to maximize clarity and impact.
Generate resourceUnity & Coherence: Maintain focus, eliminate redundant details, and ensure smooth flow of ideas.
Generate resourceGrammar & Usage: Apply correct subject-verb agreement, verb tense consistency, and pronoun-antecedent agreement.
Generate resourceOrganization & Transitions: Optimize logical sequence, paragraph structure, introductions, conclusions, and transitions.
Generate resourcePunctuation: Master usage of commas, semicolons, colons, apostrophes, dashes, and hyphens.
Generate resourceTopic Development: Evaluate topic development, purpose, audience, and relevance of sentences.
Generate resourceSentence Structure: Fix sentence fragments, run-ons, comma splices, and faulty modifier placement.
Generate resourceTone & Style: Maintain consistent tone, formality, and appropriate register across writing.
Generate resourcePrecision & Conciseness: Select precise diction, eliminate wordiness, and avoid awkward phrasing.
Generate resourceCentral Ideas & Summaries: Summarize central themes, main arguments, and supporting details.
Generate resourceComparative Analysis: Compare perspectives, arguments, and themes across paired passages.
Generate resourceAuthor's Purpose & Perspective: Analyze author point of view, tone, and rhetorical strategies.
Generate resourceEvaluating Arguments: Assess validity of claims, strength of reasoning, and relevance of evidence.
Generate resourceInferences & Evidence: Draw logical conclusions and support claims with textual evidence.
Generate resourceMulti-Format Data Integration: Synthesize textual information with visual displays, charts, or graphs.
Generate resourceExplicit Details: Locate and accurately interpret explicitly stated facts and relationships.
Generate resourceTextual Organization: Analyze structural relationships between paragraphs, claims, and counterclaims.
Generate resourceWords in Context: Determine context-dependent meanings of vocabulary and figurative phrases.
Generate resourceArgument Development: Support claims with nuanced reasoning, concrete evidence, and counter-argument analysis.
Generate resourceLanguage Mastery: Employ varied sentence structures, advanced vocabulary, and precise mechanics.
Generate resourceCohesive Organization: Build logically structured essays with clear topic sentences and transitions.
Generate resourceTask Analysis & Position: Analyze prompts, establish a clear thesis, and outline complex arguments.
Generate resourceDemonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking.
Generate resourceDemonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing.
Generate resourceApply knowledge of language to understand function in different contexts, to make effective choices for meaning or style, and to comprehend more fully when reading or listening.
Generate resourceDetermine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade 10 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies.
Generate resourceDemonstrate understanding of figurative language, word relationships, and nuances in word meanings.
Generate resourceAcquire and use accurately general academic and domain-specific words and phrases, sufficient for reading, writing, speaking, and listening at the college and career readiness level.
Generate resourceCite strong and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of explicit meaning and inferences drawn from informational texts.
Generate resourceBy the end of grade 10, read and comprehend literary nonfiction in the grades 9-10 text complexity band proficiently.
Generate resourceDetermine a central idea of a text and analyze its development over the course of the text, including how it emerges and is shaped and refined by specific details.
Generate resourceAnalyze how the author unfolds an analysis or series of ideas or events, including the order in which the points are made, how they are introduced and developed, and the connections that are drawn.
Generate resourceDetermine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative, connotative, and technical meanings; analyze the cumulative impact of specific word choices on meaning and tone.
Generate resourceAnalyze in detail how an author's ideas or claims are developed and refined by particular sentences, paragraphs, or larger portions of a text.
Generate resourceDetermine an author's point of view or purpose in a text and analyze how an author uses rhetoric to advance that point of view or purpose.
Generate resourceAnalyze various accounts of a subject told in different mediums, determining which details are emphasized in each account.
Generate resourceDelineate and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, assessing whether the reasoning is valid and the evidence is relevant and sufficient; identify false statements and fallacious reasoning.
Generate resourceAnalyze seminal U.S. documents of historical and literary significance, including how they address related themes and concepts.
Generate resourceCite strong and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of explicit meaning and inferences drawn from literary texts.
Generate resourceBy the end of grade 10, read and comprehend literature, including stories, dramas, and poems, in the grades 9-10 text complexity band proficiently.
Generate resourceDetermine a theme or central idea of a text and analyze in detail its development over the course of the text, including how it emerges and is shaped and refined by specific details.
Generate resourceAnalyze how complex characters (e.g., those with multiple or conflicting motivations) develop over the course of a text, interact with other characters, and advance the plot or develop the theme.
Generate resourceDetermine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in the text, including figurative and connotative meanings; analyze the cumulative impact of specific word choices on meaning and tone.
Generate resourceAnalyze how an author's choices concerning how to structure a text, order events within it, and manipulate time create such effects as mystery, tension, or surprise.
Generate resourceAnalyze a particular point of view or cultural experience reflected in a work of literature from outside the United States, drawing on a wide reading of world literature.
Generate resourceAnalyze the representation of a subject or a key scene in two different artistic mediums, including what is emphasized or absent in each treatment.
Generate resourceAnalyze how an author draws on and transforms source material in a specific work (e.g., how Shakespeare treats a theme or topic from Ovid or the Bible).
Generate resourceInitiate and participate effectively in a range of collaborative discussions with diverse partners on grade 10 topics, texts, and issues.
Generate resourceIntegrate multiple sources of information presented in diverse media or formats, evaluating the credibility and accuracy of each source.
Generate resourceEvaluate a speaker's point of view, reasoning, and use of evidence and rhetoric, identifying any fallacious reasoning or exaggerated evidence.
Generate resourcePresent information, findings, and supporting evidence clearly, concisely, and logically such that listeners can follow the line of reasoning.
Generate resourceMake strategic use of digital media and visual displays in presentations to enhance understanding of findings, reasoning, and evidence.
Generate resourceAdapt speech to a variety of contexts and tasks, demonstrating command of formal English when indicated or appropriate.
Generate resourceWrite arguments to support claims in an analysis of substantive topics or texts, using valid reasoning and relevant and sufficient evidence.
Generate resourceWrite informative/explanatory texts to examine and convey complex ideas, concepts, and information clearly and accurately through the effective selection, organization, and analysis of content.
Generate resourceWrite narratives to develop real or imagined experiences or events using effective technique, well-chosen details, and well-structured event sequences.
Generate resourceProduce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience.
Generate resourceDevelop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting, or trying a new approach.
Generate resourceUse technology, including the Internet, to produce, publish, and update individual or shared writing products.
Generate resourceConduct short as well as more sustained research projects to answer a question or solve a problem.
Generate resourceGather relevant information from multiple authoritative print and digital sources, assessing the usefulness and credibility of each source.
Generate resourceDraw evidence from literary or informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research.
Generate resourceLEAP 2025 Task: Literary Analysis Task (LAT) — Analyze literary elements, author's craft, and thematic connections across two paired literary texts.
Generate resourceLEAP 2025 Task: Narrative Writing Task (NWT) — Craft a narrative response expanding upon a passage's character, setting, or event.
Generate resourceLEAP 2025 Task: Research Simulation Task (RST) — Synthesize claims, evidence, and rhetoric across multiple informational texts.
Generate resourceGrades 11, 12
Demonstrate command of the conventions of Standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking.
Generate resourceApply the understanding that usage is a matter of convention, can change over time, and is sometimes contested.
Generate resourceResolve issues of complex or contested usage, consulting references (e.g., Merriam-Webster's Dictionary of English Usage, Garner's Modern American Usage) as needed.
Generate resourceDemonstrate command of the conventions of Standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing.
Generate resourceApply knowledge of language to understand how language functions in different contexts, to make effective choices for meaning or style, and to comprehend more fully when reading or listening.
Generate resourceVary syntax for effect, consulting references (e.g., Tufte's Artful Sentences) for guidance as needed; apply an understanding of syntax to the study of complex texts when reading.
Generate resourceDetermine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grades 11–12 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies.
Generate resourceUse context (e.g., the overall meaning of a sentence, paragraph, or text; a word's position or function in a sentence) as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase.
Generate resourceIdentify and correctly use patterns of word changes that indicate different meanings or parts of speech (e.g., conceive, conception, conceivable).
Generate resourceConsult general and specialized reference materials (e.g., dictionaries, glossaries, thesauruses), both print and digital, to find the pronunciation of a word or determine or clarify its precise meaning, its part of speech, its etymology, or its standard usage.
Generate resourceVerify the preliminary determination of the meaning of a word or phrase (e.g., by checking the inferred meaning in context or in a dictionary).
Generate resourceDemonstrate understanding of figurative language, word relationships, and nuances in word meanings.
Generate resourceInterpret figures of speech (e.g., hyperbole, paradox) in context and analyze their role in the text.
Generate resourceAcquire and use accurately general academic and domain-specific words and phrases, sufficient for reading, writing, speaking, and listening at the college and career readiness level; demonstrate independence in gathering vocabulary knowledge when considering a word or phrase important to comprehension or expression.
Generate resourceCite strong, thorough, and relevant textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text, including determining where the text leaves matters uncertain.
Generate resourceBy the end of grade 11, read and comprehend literary nonfiction in the grades 11– workplace/postsecondary proficiently, with scaffolding as needed at the high end of the range.
Generate resourceBy the end of grade 12, read and comprehend literary nonfiction at the high end of the grades 11– workplace/postsecondary text complexity independently and proficiently.
Generate resourceDetermine two or more central ideas of a text and analyze their development over the course of the text, including how they interact and build on one another to provide a complex analysis; provide an objective summary of the text.
Generate resourceAnalyze a complex set of ideas or sequence of events and explain how specific individuals, ideas, or events interact and develop over the course of the text.
Generate resourceDetermine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative, connotative, and technical meanings; analyze how an author uses and refines the meaning of a key term or terms over the course of a text (e.g., how Madison defines faction in Federalist No. 10).
Generate resourceAnalyze and evaluate the effectiveness of the structure an author uses in his or her exposition or argument, including whether the structure makes points clear, convincing, and engaging.
Generate resourceDetermine an author's point of view or purpose in a text in which the rhetoric is considered particularly effective, analyzing how style and content contribute to the student interpretation of power, persuasiveness, or beauty of the text.
Generate resourceIntegrate and evaluate multiple sources of information presented in different media or formats (e.g., visually, quantitatively) as well as in words in order to address a question or solve a problem.
Generate resourceDelineate and evaluate the reasoning in seminal U.S. texts, including the application of constitutional principles and use of legal reasoning (e.g., in U.S. Supreme Court majority opinions and dissents) and the premises, purposes, and arguments in works of public advocacy (e.g., The Federalist, presidential addresses).
Generate resourceAnalyze foundational U.S. and world documents of historical and literary significance for their themes, purposes, and rhetorical features.
Generate resourceCite strong, thorough, and relevant textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text, including determining where the text leaves matters uncertain.
Generate resourceBy the end of grade 11, read and comprehend literature, including stories, dramas, and poems, in the grades 11– workplace/postsecondary text complexity proficiently, with scaffolding as needed at the high end of the range.
Generate resourceBy the end of grade 12, read and comprehend literature, including stories, dramas, and poems, at the high end of the grades 11– workplace/postsecondary text complexity independently and proficiently.
Generate resourceDetermine two or more themes or central ideas of a text and analyze their development over the course of the text, including how they interact and build on one another to produce a complex account; provide an objective summary of the text.
Generate resourceAnalyze the impact of the author's choices regarding how to develop and relate elements of a story or drama, including how the author develops character and setting, builds the plot and subplots, creates themes, and develops mood/atmosphere.
Generate resourceDetermine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in the text, including figurative and connotative meanings; analyze the impact of specific word choices on meaning and tone, including words with multiple meanings or language that is particularly fresh, engaging, or beautiful. (Include Shakespeare as well as other authors.)
Generate resourceAnalyze how an author's choices concerning how to structure specific parts of a text (e.g., the choice of where to begin or end a story, the choice to provide a comedic or tragic resolution) contribute to its overall structure and meaning as well as its aesthetic impact.
Generate resourceAnalyze a case in which grasping point of view requires distinguishing what is directly stated in a text from what is really meant (e.g., satire, sarcasm, irony, or understatement).
Generate resourceAnalyze multiple interpretations of a story, drama, or poem (e.g., recorded or live production of a play or recorded novel or poetry), evaluating how each version interprets the source text.
Generate resourceDemonstrate knowledge of foundational works of U.S. and world literature, including how two or more texts from the same period treat similar themes and topics.
Generate resourceInitiate and participate effectively in a range of collaborative discussions (one-on-one, in groups, and teacher- led) with diverse partners on grades 11–12 topics, texts, and issues, building on others' ideas and expressing their own clearly and persuasively.
Generate resourceCome to discussions prepared, having read and researched material under study; explicitly draw on that preparation by referring to evidence from texts and other research on the topic or issue to stimulate a thoughtful, well-reasoned exchange of ideas.
Generate resourceWork with peers to promote civil, democratic discussions and decision-making, set clear goals and deadlines, and establish individual roles as needed.
Generate resourcePropel conversations by posing and responding to questions that probe reasoning and evidence; ensure a hearing for a full range of positions on a topic or issue; clarify, verify, or challenge ideas and conclusions; and promote divergent and creative perspectives.
Generate resourceRespond thoughtfully to diverse perspectives; synthesize comments, claims, and evidence made on all sides of an issue; resolve contradictions when possible; and determine what additional information or research is required to deepen the investigation or complete the task.
Generate resourceIntegrate multiple sources of information presented in diverse formats and media (e.g., visually, quantitatively, orally) in order to make informed decisions and solve problems, evaluating the credibility and accuracy of each source and noting any discrepancies among the data.
Generate resourceEvaluate a speaker's point of view, reasoning, and use of evidence and rhetoric, assessing the stance, premises, links among ideas, word choice, points of emphasis, and tone used.
Generate resourcePresent information, findings, and supporting evidence, while respecting intellectual property; convey a clear and distinct perspective, such that listeners can follow the line of reasoning, address alternative or opposing perspectives, and use organization, development, substance, and style that are appropriate to purpose, audience, and a range of formal and informal tasks.
Generate resourceMake strategic use of digital media (e.g., textual, graphical, audio, visual, and interactive elements) in presentations to enhance understanding of findings, reasoning, and evidence and to add interest.
Generate resourceAdapt speech to a variety of contexts, audiences, and tasks, demonstrating a command of formal English when indicated or appropriate.
Generate resourceWrite routinely over extended time frames (time for research, reflection, and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of tasks, purposes, and audiences.
Generate resourceWrite arguments to support claims in an analysis of substantive topics or texts, using valid reasoning and relevant and sufficient evidence.
Generate resourceIntroduce precise, knowledgeable claim(s), establish the significance of the claim(s), distinguish the claim(s) from alternate or opposing claims, and create an organization that logically sequences claim(s), counterclaims, reasons, and evidence.
Generate resourceDevelop claim(s) and counterclaims fairly and thoroughly, supplying the most relevant evidence for each while pointing out the strengths and limitations of both in a manner that anticipates the audience's knowledge level, concerns, values, and possible biases.
Generate resourceUse words, phrases, and clauses as well as varied syntax to link the major sections of the text, create cohesion, and clarify the relationships between claim(s) and reasons, between reasons and evidence, and between claim(s) and counterclaims.
Generate resourceEstablish and maintain a formal style and objective tone while attending to the norms and conventions of the discipline in which they are writing.
Generate resourceProvide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the argument presented.
Generate resourceWrite informative/explanatory texts to examine and convey complex ideas, concepts, and information clearly and accurately through the effective selection, organization, and analysis of content.
Generate resourceIntroduce a topic; organize complex ideas, concepts, and information so that each new element builds on that which precedes it to create a unified whole; include formatting (e.g., headings), graphics (e.g., figures, tables), and multimedia when useful to aiding comprehension.
Generate resourceDevelop the topic thoroughly by selecting the most significant and relevant facts, extended definitions, concrete details, quotations, or other information and examples appropriate to the audience's knowledge of the topic.
Generate resourceUse appropriate and varied transitions and syntax to link the major sections of the text, create cohesion, and clarify the relationships among complex ideas and concepts.
Generate resourceUse precise language, domain-specific vocabulary, and techniques such as metaphor, simile, and analogy to manage the complexity of the topic.
Generate resourceEstablish and maintain a formal style and objective tone while attending to the norms and conventions of the discipline in which they are writing.
Generate resourceProvide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the information or explanation presented (e.g., articulating implications or the significance of the topic).
Generate resourceWrite narratives to develop real or imagined experiences or events using effective technique, well-chosen details, and well-structured event sequences.
Generate resourceEngage and orient the reader by setting out a problem, situation, or observation and its significance, establishing one or multiple point(s) of view, and introducing a narrator and/or characters; create a smooth progression of experiences or events.
Generate resourceUse narrative techniques, such as dialogue, pacing, description, reflection, and multiple plot lines, to develop experiences, mood, tone, events, and/or characters.
Generate resourceUse a variety of techniques to sequence events so that they build on one another to create a coherent whole and build toward a particular tone and outcome (e.g., a sense of mystery, suspense, growth, or resolution).
Generate resourceUse precise words and phrases, telling details, and figurative and sensory language to convey a vivid picture of the experiences, events, setting, mood, tone and/or characters.
Generate resourceProvide a conclusion (when appropriate to the genre) that follows from and reflects on what is experienced, observed, or resolved over the course of the narrative.
Generate resourceProduce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience.
Generate resourceDevelop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting, or trying a new approach, focusing on addressing what is most significant for a specific purpose and audience.
Generate resourceUse technology, including the Internet, to produce, publish, and update individual or shared writing products in response to ongoing feedback, including new arguments or information.
Generate resourceConduct short as well as more sustained research projects to answer a question (including a self-generated question) or solve a problem; narrow or broaden the inquiry when appropriate; synthesize multiple sources on the subject, demonstrating understanding of the subject under investigation.
Generate resourceGather relevant information from multiple authoritative sources, using advanced searches effectively; assess the strengths and limitations of each source in terms of the task, purpose, and audience; integrate information into the text selectively to maintain the flow of ideas, avoiding plagiarism and overreliance on any one source and following a standard format for citation (e.g., MLA, APA).
Generate resourceDraw relevant evidence from grade-appropriate literary or informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research.
Generate resourceApply grades 11–12 Reading standards to literature (e.g., "Demonstrate knowledge of foundational works of literature, including how two or more texts from the same period treat similar themes or topics").
Generate resourceApply grades 11–12 Reading standards to literary nonfiction (e.g., "Delineate and evaluate the reasoning in seminal U.S. and world texts, including the application of constitutional principles and use of legal reasoning [e.g., in U.S. Supreme Court Case majority opinions and dissents] and the premises, purposes, and arguments in works of public advocacy ").
Generate resourceGrades 9, 10
Demonstrate command of the conventions of Standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking.
Generate resourceUse various types of phrases (noun, verb, adjectival, adverbial, participial, prepositional, absolute) and clauses (independent, dependent; noun, relative, adverbial) to convey specific meanings and add variety and interest to writing or presentations.
Generate resourceDemonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing.
Generate resourceUse a semicolon (and perhaps a conjunctive adverb) to link two or more closely related independent clauses.
Generate resourceApply knowledge of language to understand how language functions in different contexts, to make effective choices for meaning or style, and to comprehend more fully when reading or listening.
Generate resourceWrite and edit work so that it conforms to the guidelines in a style manual (e.g., MLA Handbook, Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA), Turabian's Manual for Writers) appropriate for the discipline and writing type.
Generate resourceDetermine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grades 9–10 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies.
Generate resourceUse context (e.g., the overall meaning of a sentence, paragraph, or text; a word's position or function in a sentence) as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase.
Generate resourceIdentify and correctly use patterns of word changes that indicate different meanings or parts of speech (e.g., analyze, analysis, analytical; advocate, advocacy).
Generate resourceConsult general and specialized reference materials (e.g., dictionaries, glossaries, thesauruses), both print and digital, to find the pronunciation of a word or determine or clarify its precise meaning, its part of speech, or its etymology.
Generate resourceVerify the preliminary determination of the meaning of a word or phrase (e.g., by checking the inferred meaning in context or in a dictionary).
Generate resourceDemonstrate understanding of figurative language, word relationships, and nuances in word meanings.
Generate resourceInterpret figures of speech (e.g., euphemism, oxymoron) in context and analyze their role in the text.
Generate resourceAcquire and use accurately general academic and domain-specific words and phrases, sufficient for reading, writing, speaking, and listening at the college and career readiness level; demonstrate independence in gathering vocabulary knowledge when considering a word or phrase important to comprehension or expression.
Generate resourceCite relevant and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.
Generate resourceBy the end of grade 9, read and comprehend literary nonfiction in the grades 9–10 text complexity band proficiently, with scaffolding as needed at the high end of the range.
Generate resourceBy the end of grade 10, read and comprehend literary nonfiction at the high end of the grades 9–10 text complexity band independently and proficiently.
Generate resourceDetermine a central idea of a text and analyze its development over the course of the text, including how it emerges and is shaped and refined by specific details; provide an objective summary of the text.
Generate resourceAnalyze how the author unfolds an analysis or series of ideas or events, including the order in which the points are made, how they are introduced and developed, and the connections that are drawn between them.
Generate resourceDetermine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative, connotative, and technical meanings; analyze the cumulative impact of specific word choices on meaning and tone (e.g., how the language of a court opinion differs from that of a newspaper).
Generate resourceAnalyze in detail how an author's ideas or claims are developed and refined by particular sentences, paragraphs, or larger portions of a text (e.g., a section or chapter).
Generate resourceDetermine an author's point of view or purpose in a text and analyze how an author uses rhetoric to advance that point of view or purpose.
Generate resourceAnalyze various accounts of a subject told in different mediums (e.g., a person's life story in both print and multimedia), determining which details are emphasized in each account.
Generate resourceDelineate and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, assessing whether the reasoning is valid and the evidence is relevant and sufficient; identify false statements and fallacious reasoning.
Generate resourceAnalyze seminal U.S. documents of historical and literary significance (e.g., Washington's Farewell Address, the Gettysburg Address, Roosevelt's Four Freedoms speech, King's "Letter from Birmingham Jail"), including how they address related themes and concepts.
Generate resourceCite relevant and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.
Generate resourceBy the end of grade 9, read and comprehend literature, including stories, dramas, and poems, in the grades 9– 10 text complexity band proficiently, with scaffolding as needed at the high end of the range.
Generate resourceBy the end of grade 10, read and comprehend literature, including stories, dramas, and poems, at the high end of the grades 9–10 text complexity band independently and proficiently.
Generate resourceDetermine a theme or central idea of a text and analyze in detail its development over the course of the text, including how it emerges and is shaped and refined by specific details; provide an objective summary of the text.
Generate resourceAnalyze how complex characters (e.g., those with multiple or conflicting motivations) develop over the course of a text, interact with other characters, and advance the plot or develop the theme.
Generate resourceDetermine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in the text, including figurative and connotative meanings; analyze the cumulative impact of specific word choices on meaning and tone (e.g., how the language evokes a sense of time and place; how it sets a formal or informal tone).
Generate resourceAnalyze how an author's choices concerning how to structure a text, order events within it (e.g., parallel plots), and manipulate time (e.g., pacing, flashbacks) create such effects as mystery, tension, or surprise.
Generate resourceAnalyze a particular point of view or cultural experience reflected in works of literature drawing on a wide reading of world literature.
Generate resourceAnalyze the representation of a subject or a key scene in two different artistic mediums, including what is emphasized or absent in each treatment (e.g., Auden's "Musée des Beaux Arts" and Breughel's Landscape with the Fall of Icarus).
Generate resourceAnalyze how an author draws on and transforms source material in a specific work (e.g., how Shakespeare treats a theme or topic from Ovid or the Bible or how a later author draws on a play by Shakespeare).
Generate resourceInitiate and participate effectively in a range of collaborative discussions (one-on-one, in groups, and teacher-led) with diverse partners on grades 9–10 topics, texts, and issues, building on others' ideas and expressing their own clearly and persuasively.
Generate resourceCome to discussions prepared, having read and researched material under study; explicitly draw on that preparation by referring to evidence from texts and other research on the topic or issue to stimulate a thoughtful, well-reasoned exchange of ideas.
Generate resourceWork with peers to set rules for collegial discussions and decision-making (e.g., informal consensus, taking votes on key issues, presentation of alternate views), clear goals and deadlines, and individual roles as needed.
Generate resourcePropel conversations by posing and responding to questions that relate the current discussion to broader themes or larger ideas; actively incorporate others into the discussion; and clarify, verify, or challenge ideas and conclusions.
Generate resourceRespond thoughtfully to diverse perspectives, summarize points of agreement and disagreement, and, when warranted, qualify or justify their own views and understanding and make new connections in light of the evidence and reasoning presented.
Generate resourceIntegrate multiple sources of information presented in diverse media or formats (e.g., visually, quantitatively, orally) evaluating the credibility and accuracy of each source.
Generate resourceEvaluate a speaker's point of view, reasoning, and use of evidence and rhetoric, identifying any fallacious reasoning or exaggerated or distorted evidence.
Generate resourcePresent information, findings, and supporting evidence clearly, concisely, and logically such that listeners can follow the line of reasoning and the organization, development, substance, and style are appropriate to purpose, audience, and task.
Generate resourceMake strategic use of digital media (e.g., textual, graphical, audio, visual, and interactive elements) in presentations to enhance understanding of findings, reasoning, and evidence and to add interest.
Generate resourceAdapt speech to a variety of contexts, audiences, and tasks, demonstrating command of formal English when indicated or appropriate.
Generate resourceWrite arguments to support claims in an analysis of substantive topics or texts, using valid reasoning and relevant and sufficient evidence.
Generate resourceIntroduce precise claim(s), distinguish the claim(s) from alternate or opposing claims, and create an organization that establishes clear relationships among claim(s), counterclaims, reasons, and evidence.
Generate resourceDevelop claim(s) and counterclaims fairly, supplying evidence for each while pointing out the strengths and limitations of both in a manner that anticipates the audience's knowledge level and concerns.
Generate resourceUse words, phrases, and clauses to link the major sections of the text, create cohesion, and clarify the relationships between claim(s) and reasons, between reasons and evidence, and between claim(s) and counterclaims.
Generate resourceEstablish and maintain a formal style and objective tone while attending to the norms and conventions of the discipline in which they are writing.
Generate resourceProvide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the argument presented.
Generate resourceWrite routinely over extended time frames (time for research, reflection, and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of tasks, purposes, and audiences.
Generate resourceWrite informative/explanatory texts to examine and convey complex ideas, concepts, and information clearly and accurately through the effective selection, organization, and analysis of content.
Generate resourceIntroduce a topic; organize complex ideas, concepts, and information to make important connections and distinctions; include formatting (e.g., headings), graphics (e.g., figures, tables), and multimedia when useful to aiding comprehension.
Generate resourceDevelop the topic with well-chosen, relevant, and sufficient facts, extended definitions, concrete details, quotations, or other information and examples appropriate to the audience's knowledge of the topic.
Generate resourceUse appropriate and varied transitions to link the major sections of the text, create cohesion, and clarify the relationships among complex ideas and concepts.
Generate resourceUse precise language and domain-specific vocabulary to manage the complexity of the topic.
Generate resourceEstablish and maintain a formal style and objective tone while attending to the norms and conventions of the discipline in which they are writing.
Generate resourceProvide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the information or explanation presented (e.g., articulating implications or the significance of the topic).
Generate resourceWrite narratives to develop real or imagined experiences or events using effective technique, well-chosen details, and well-structured event sequences.
Generate resourceEngage and orient the reader by setting out a problem, situation, or observation, establishing one or multiple point(s) of view, and introducing a narrator and/or characters; create a smooth progression of experiences or events.
Generate resourceUse narrative techniques, such as dialogue, pacing, description, reflection, and multiple plot lines, to develop experiences, mood, tone, events, and/or characters.
Generate resourceUse a variety of techniques to sequence events so that they build on one another to create a coherent whole.
Generate resourceUse precise words and phrases, telling details, and sensory language to convey a vivid picture of the experiences, events, setting, and/or characters.
Generate resourceProvide a conclusion (when appropriate to the genre) that follows from and reflects on what is experienced, observed, or resolved over the course of the narrative.
Generate resourceProduce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience.
Generate resourceDevelop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting, or trying a different approach, focusing on addressing what is most significant for a specific purpose and audience.
Generate resourceUse technology, including the Internet, to produce, publish, and update individual or shared writing products, taking advantage of technology's capacity to link to other information and to display information flexibly and dynamically.
Generate resourceConduct short as well as more sustained research projects to answer a question (including a self-generated question) or solve a problem; narrow or broaden the inquiry when appropriate; synthesize multiple sources on the subject, demonstrating understanding of the subject under investigation.
Generate resourceGather relevant information from multiple authoritative sources using advanced searches effectively; assess the strengths and limitations of each source in terms of the task, purpose, and audience; integrate information into the text selectively to maintain the flow of ideas, avoiding plagiarism and overreliance on any one source and following a standard format for citation.
Generate resourceDraw relevant evidence from grade-appropriate literary or informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research.
Generate resourceApply grades 9–10 Reading standards to literature (e.g., "Analyze how an author draws on and transforms source material in a specific work [e.g., how Shakespeare treats a theme or topic from Ovid or the Bible or how a later author draws on a play by Shakespeare]").
Generate resourceApply grades 9–10 Reading standards to literary nonfiction (e.g., "Delineate and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, assessing whether the reasoning is valid and the evidence is relevant and sufficient; identify false statements and fallacious reasoning").
Generate resource